Microsoft Windows was announced by
Bill Gates on November 10, 1983. Microsoft introduced Windows as a graphical
user interface for MS-DOS, which had been introduced a couple of years earlier.
In the 1990s, the product line evolved from an operating environment into a
fully complete, modern operating system.
Microsoft Windows is a group of
several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed,
marketed and sold by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the
computing industry. Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and
Windows IoT; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows Server or Windows
Embedded Compact (Windows CE). Defunct Microsoft Windows families include
Windows 9x, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone.
Microsoft Windows Operating Systems
for PCs
The following details the history of
MS-DOS and Windows operating systems designed for personal computers
(PCs).
Windows 1.0 – 2.0 (1985-1992)
Introduced in 1985, Microsoft Windows
1.0 was named due to the computing boxes, or "windows" that
represented a fundamental aspect of the operating system. Instead of typing
MS-DOS commands, windows 1.0 allowed users to point and click to access the
windows.
In 1987 Microsoft released Windows
2.0, which was designed for the designed for the Intel 286 processor. This
version added desktop icons, keyboard shortcuts and improved graphics support.
Windows 3.0 was released in May, 1900
offering better icons, performance and advanced graphics with 16 colors
designed for Intel 386 processors. This version is the first release that
provides the standard "look and feel" of Microsoft Windows for many
years to come. Windows 3.0 included Program Manager, File Manager and Print
Manager and games (Hearts, Minesweeper and Solitaire). Microsoft released
Windows 3.1 in 1992.
Windows 95 was released in 1995 and
was a major upgrade to the Windows operating system. This OS was a significant
advancement over its precursor, Windows 3.1. In addition to sporting a new user
interface, Windows 95 also includes a number of important internal
improvements. Perhaps most important, it supports 32-bit applications, which
means that applications written specifically for this operating system should
run much faster.
Although Windows 95 can run older
Windows and DOS applications, it has essentially removed DOS as the underlying
platform. This has meant removal of many of the old DOS limitations, such as
640K of main memory and 8-character filenames. Other important features in this
operating system are the ability to automatically detect and configure
installed hardware (plug and play).
Windows 98 (June 1998)
Windows 98 offers support for a
number of new technologies, including FAT32, AGP, MMX, USB, DVD, and ACPI. Its
most visible feature, though, is the Active Desktop, which integrates the Web
browser (Internet Explorer) with the operating system. From the user's point of
view, there is no difference between accessing a document residing locally on
the user's hard disk or on a Web server halfway around the world.
The Windows Millennium Edition,
called "Windows Me" was an update to the Windows 98 core and included
some features of the Windows 2000 operating system. This version also
removed the "boot in DOS" option.
A version of the Windows operating
system. Windows NT (New Technology) is a 32-bit operating system that supports
preemptive multitasking. There are actually two versions of Windows NT: Windows
NT Server, designed to act as a server in networks, and Windows NT Workstation
for stand-alone or client workstations.
Often abbreviated as "W2K,"
Windows 2000 is an operating system for business desktop and laptop systems to
run software applications, connect to Internet and intranet sites, and access
files, printers, and network resources. Microsoft released four versions of
Windows 2000: Professional (for business desktop and laptop systems), Server
(both a Web server and an office server), Advanced Server (for line-of-business
applications) and Datacenter Server (for high-traffic computer networks).
Windows XP (October 2001)
Windows XP was released in 2001.
Along with a redesigned look and feel to the user interface, the new operating
system is built on the Windows 2000 kernel, giving the user a more stable and
reliable environment than previous versions of Windows. Windows XP comes in two
versions, Home and Professional. Microsoft focused on mobility for both
editions, including plug and play features for connecting to wireless networks.
The operating system also utilizes the 802.11x wireless security standard.
Windows XP is one of Microsoft's best-selling products.
Windows Vista offered an advancement in
reliability, security, ease of deployment, performance and manageability over
Windows XP. New in this version was capabilities to detect hardware problems
before they occur, security features to protect against the latest generation
of threats, faster start-up time and low power consumption of the new sleep
state. In many cases, Windows Vista is noticeably more responsive than Windows
XP on identical hardware. Windows Vista simplifies and centralizes desktop
configuration management, reducing the cost of keeping systems updated.
Windows 7 (October, 2009)
Windows 7 was released by Microsoft
on October 22, 2009 as the latest in the 25-year-old line of Windows operating
systems and as the successor to Windows Vista (which itself had followed
Windows XP). Windows 7 was released in conjunction with Windows Server 2008 R2,
Windows 7's server counterpart. Enhancements and new features in Windows 7 include
multi-touch support, Internet Explorer 8, improved performance and start-up
time, Aero Snap, Aero Shake, support for virtual hard disks, a new and improved
Windows Media Center, and improved security.
Windows 8 was released on August. 1,
2012 and is a completely redesigned operating system that's been developed from
the ground up with touchscreen use in mind as well as near-instant-on
capabilities that enable a Windows 8 PC to load and start up in a matter of
seconds rather than in minutes.
Windows 8 will replace the more
traditional Microsoft Windows OS look and feel with a new "Metro"
design system interface that first debuted in the Windows Phone 7 mobile
operating system. The Metro user interface primarily consists of a "Start
screen" made up of "Live Tiles," which are links to applications
and features that are dynamic and update in real time. Windows 8 supports
both x86 PCs and ARM processors.
Windows 10 is Microsoft's Windows
successor to Windows 8. Windows 10 debuted on July 29, 2015, following a
"technical preview" beta release of the new operating system that
arrived in Fall 2014 and a "consumer preview" beta in early 2015.
Microsoft claims Windows 10 features fast start up and resume, built-in security
and the return of the Start Menu in an expanded form. This version of Windows
will also feature Microsoft Edge, Microsoft's new browser. Any qualified device
(such as tablets, PCs, smartphones and Xbox consoles) can upgrade to Windows
10, including those with pirated copies of Windows.
Nama: Christian Yericho Putra H
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